Common Causes Of Eye Strain And Eye Pain

Eye strain is a condition characterized by eye pain and occurs when an individual's eyes become fatigued as a result of intense use. The symptoms that occur in individuals who struggle with eye pain and eye strain include eyes that are sore, burning, tired, itching, overly dry, or overly watery. Other symptoms may include blurry or double vision, headache, neck soreness, light sensitivity, and an inability to keep the eyes open. An eye examination performed by a specialist is used to diagnose eye strain. An individual may need to make alterations in their environment or daily habits to treat their eye strain. Some individuals affected by eye strain and eye pain require treatment for underlying conditions.

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Prolonged Use Of Screens

Eye strain and subsequent eye pain in some individuals is the result of their prolonged use of screens. An individual's eyes are typically at rest when they are staring at something around twenty feet away. Screens on phones, laptops, computer monitors, and tablets generally sit between eighteen and twenty-four inches from an affected individual's eyes, and their eyes have to constantly accommodate viewing the screen at such close proximity. This process, over a prolonged duration, causes an individual's ciliary muscle to spasm back and forth to view the screen. When an individual is staring at a screen for some time, they often forget to blink enough. Blinking is the mechanism the body uses to keep an individual's eyes from drying out. This less frequent rate of blinking can cause the eyes to become dry and irritated, resulting in eye fatigue and eye pain from overuse. Other factors such as entry of unnecessary feedback into the eyes, overexposure to high energy blue light, and screen glare are also known to contribute to eye strain and eye pain.

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Straining To See In Low Light

An individual who is frequently straining to see in low light can develop eye strain and subsequent eye pain. The human eyes are designed to adapt to low light environments for short periods. However, trying to accomplish certain things in conditions of low light can lead to eye strain in an individual. Any activity that involves reading, writing, or putting together pieces of a puzzle is considered a high-intensity task for an individual's eyes. The muscles in the eye already have to adjust the lens constantly to enable the individual to focus on what they are doing. However, attempting these high-intensity tasks in low light conditions causes them to work harder and longer than they would be in conditions of adequate lighting. Because most high-intensity tasks in terms of the eyes require mental focus, an individual can easily forget to blink enough to prevent their eyes from becoming dry and irritated. Dry eyes and irritation can result in itching and painful eyes. Fatigue of the eye muscles is common in individuals who make a habit of performing high-intensity tasks in low light because it requires more energy than it would in good lighting.

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Dry Eyes

Eye strain and eye pain are common complications that can occur in individuals affected by dry eyes. Eye pain due to dry eyes can be described as a gritty feeling, constant stinging, sharp pains, or a dull ache. Nociceptors are the specialized sensory receptors present on the ends of the nerves that send signals to the brain in response to damaging or painful stimuli. Nociceptors are present in almost all of the body tissues, including an individual's cornea. However, the cornea is known to have one of the highest nociceptor concentrations in the body, with between three to six hundred times the amount of nociceptors in the skin. Specific components in the eye produce a fluid that keeps the eyes moist and lubricates the area between the outer layer of the eye and inside of the eyelids. The function of blinking helps stimulate the production of this fluid and helps distribute it evenly on the corneal surface. However, individuals who have dry eyes do not produce enough of this lubricating fluid, which leaves the nociceptor filled cornea vulnerable to the painful effects of drying and friction.

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Foreign Object In The Eye

In rare cases, an individual can develop eye pain as a result of a foreign object in their eye. An individual's eyes have two mechanisms in place to help keep foreign bodies out of the eye. An individual's eyelashes function as a type of shield or buffer to stop particles from entering the eye. The lubricating fluid an individual's eye produces plays a role in keeping foreign bodies out by flushing out the foreign particles. However, foreign objects occasionally make it into the eye past the eyelashes and are not effectively rinsed away. A foreign body can stick to or embed itself into an individual's cornea or on the undersurface of their eyelid.

The most common source of eye pain when it comes to foreign bodies in the eye is called a corneal abrasion or a scratch in the clear outer layer of the eye. An individual affected by a corneal abrasion will experience a significant amount of eye pain because of the high concentration of specialized nerve endings in the cornea. The inner surface of the eyelid can become injured if a foreign body embeds into the outer layer of the eye and scrapes against it, which also produces eye pain.

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Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is commonly referred to as pinkeye. An individual's eye contains a thin, transparent tissue that lines the inner eyelid and overlays the white of the eye, called the conjunctiva. Bacteria, viruses, foreign particles, pool chlorine, allergic reaction, parasites, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and fungi can all induce inflammation in an individual's conjunctiva. Symptoms that manifest in individuals affected by conjunctivitis include inner eyelid redness, white of the eye redness, enlarged conjunctiva, green to yellow discharge, burning sensations in the eye, blurry vision, itchiness in the eyes, and light sensitivity. General eye pain is common for the first few days an individual has conjunctivitis. A rare and severe form of conjunctivitis can cause a patient to experience intense eye pain when looking at bright lights.