What Is Melatonin?

Melatonin is a hormone manufactured by the pineal gland, a gland located in the middle of the brain. The hormone helps regulate the body's circadian rhythm (sleep-wake cycle). Melatonin levels increase after sunset, and they remain elevated overnight. They decrease sharply around sunrise, and this causes individuals to wake from sleep. Melatonin supplements are available in tablet, liquid, and gummy formulations, and they are used primarily as natural sleep aids. The recommended dosage of melatonin is based on the patient's age. Pediatric patients can safely take up to six milligrams of melatonin, and doctors suggest starting with a dose of 0.5 milligrams for this age group.