What Causes Hypervolemia?

Premenstrual Edema

Premenstrual edema one of the symptoms that develops in an individual at certain times during their premenstrual cycle, where too much fluid in the body leads to swelling. Premenstrual edema develops in the second phase of an individual's menstrual cycle when levels of progesterone become elevated. This hormone can cause the venous walls to sag, which impairs the process of returning blood to the heart efficiently. When the valves in an individual's venous walls are not able to perform their function correctly, the return of blood to the heart decreases in speed. Fluids are forced out of the venous walls and into the extracellular spaces because this return process is impaired. In addition, higher progesterone levels cause increased renin, which immediately counteracts the process of natriuresis. Natriuresis is the homeostatic mechanism the body uses to lower sodium by inducing its excretion through the urine. Therefore, too much sodium is retained during this part of the menstrual cycle, which causes the retention of too much fluid, and potential hypervolemia.

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