What Causes Biliary Atresia?

Damage Due To Viral Infection

Some researchers believe biliary atresia may be caused by damage due to viral infection. As part of the diagnostic tests for this condition, physicians will carry out blood tests to check for viruses such as HIV and hepatitis. Recent studies have shown a possible link between biliary atresia and infection with the Epstein-Barr virus, rotavirus, and reovirus. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpes virus-5 are also believed to play a role in the development of biliary atresia. In fact, a landmark study conducted in the 1970s found injecting guinea pigs with CMV led to changes in the bile ducts that were similar to those seen in humans with biliary atresia. A study from the same period conducted on murine models produced similar results. Currently, the evidence supporting a viral cause for biliary atresia is weak, and further research is needed to establish how viral infections may impact the development of the condition. Parents who believe their child may have been exposed to a virus in the womb or shortly after birth should inform their healthcare team so the appropriate tests can be performed.

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