What Causes Jaundice?

Bile Duct Obstruction Or Inflammation

Adults may develop jaundice as a result of bile duct obstruction or inflammation. Also known as the biliary ducts, the bile ducts are responsible for transporting bile (a yellow-greenish fluid manufactured by the liver to digest fats) from the liver and the gallbladder to the duodenum, an area of the small intestine. Inflammation of the biliary ducts could be caused by tumors or infections, and these could lead to obstruction of the ducts. Gallstones, cysts, abdominal injuries, hepatitis, and certain cancers may cause biliary duct blockages as well, with gallstones being the most common cause.

Patients with a bile duct obstruction or inflammation could experience jaundice, fever, unintended weight loss, dark urine, and pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. Nausea, vomiting, and light-colored stools may be present as well. To assess a possible bile duct issue, doctors will perform blood tests, ultrasounds, and a biliary radionuclide scan. Patients might be asked to have MRI scans and cholangiography studies (x-rays of the bile ducts). If a bile duct obstruction is identified, treatment depends on the underlying cause. For example, obstructions due to gallstones may need to be treated with an operation to remove the stones or the gallbladder.

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