Causes And Risk Factors Of Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection that can develop through ingestion of the T. gondii parasite. Most patients who have toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic, and if symptoms do appear, they generally consist of headache, sore throat, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and muscle aches. The symptoms could persist for at least four weeks, and they frequently resolve on their own without treatment. For patients with weakened immune systems, toxoplasmosis can be especially dangerous, and it may lead to complications such as infections of the lungs, brain, or eyes. Patients with these complications might experience blurred vision, shortness of breath, and seizures, and comas have occurred. To diagnose toxoplasmosis, doctors can perform blood tests. If treatment is needed, specialists typically use medications such as pyrimethamine or sulfadiazine. Pregnant women with toxoplasmosis might also need to take clindamycin and leucovorin.

The major causes and risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis are discussed below.

Consuming Contaminated Water Or Food

Patients may unknowingly ingest the parasite that causes toxoplasmosis by consuming contaminated water or food. In the United States, it is very rare for treated water to contain T. gondii. Individuals traveling to countries where water quality may be an issue should consider buying water filtration devices and chemical disinfectants to take with them, and it may be advisable to only drink bottled water in certain locations. In terms of food, lamb, venison, and pork are much more likely to be contaminated with T. gondii than other meats, and patients need to ensure all meat is fully cooked before eating. Individuals who have weakened immune systems, including cancer patients, may wish to avoid eating these kinds of meat while receiving treatment. Any cutting boards, utensils, and other items that have come into contact with raw meat should be properly cleaned in hot, soapy water to prevent contamination with the T. gondii parasite.

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