Guide To Treating And Preventing Ventricular Fibrillation

Ventricular fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm that occurs in the ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). This type of fibrillation is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment. If left untreated, most cases of ventricular fibrillation will lead to cardiac arrest and death. Typically, loss of consciousness is the main symptom of this emergency. Before that, some patients may experience chest pain, rapid heart rate, dizziness, nausea, and shortness of breath. Patients with ventricular fibrillation will not have a pulse, and their electrocardiogram readings will be erratic or completely absent.

Individuals at an increased risk for ventricular fibrillation include those who have previously had a heart attack and individuals with congenital heart defects. Patients who have potassium or other electrolyte imbalances and individuals who have used cocaine or other illegal drugs are also at increased risk. Ventricular fibrillation can be caused by heart failure, cardiomyopathy, shock, long QT syndrome, electrocution, and Brugada syndrome.

The treatments and choices outlined below may help in preventing and treating ventricular fibrillation.

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator

An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is a device that can prevent cardiac arrest and death in patients who have survived previous episodes of ventricular fibrillation. The device is also appropriate for patients who have a high risk of the condition and other types of abnormal heart rhythms. These devices are battery powered, and surgeons place them just underneath the skin, connecting them to the heart muscle through thin wires. They continuously monitor the patient's heart rhythm. If an abnormal rhythm is detected, they will deliver an electric shock to correct this and make the heart beat normally again.

Some implantable cardioverter-defibrillators also serve as pacemakers and can help speed up heart rhythms that are too slow. Patients who have ICDs need to be aware of their surroundings and avoid strong electromagnetic fields; these can prevent the ICD from functioning properly. Patients should also limit or avoid spending time around metal detectors, anti-theft devices, electric fences, and invisible pet fences. When using cell phones and headphones, patients should make sure these are used at least six inches away from their ICD. Cell phone chargers should be used at least twelve inches away from these devices.

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