Guide To Serious Nervous System Disorders

Muscular Dystrophy

Muscular dystrophy is characterized by progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common form of this condition, and it occurs more frequently in boys. Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy typically display symptoms during childhood, and other forms may have no symptoms until adulthood. Myotonic muscular dystrophy is the most common form of adult-onset muscular dystrophy. Symptoms of muscular dystrophy vary by type, and may include frequent falls, walking on the toes, difficulties with running and jumping, and difficulty rising from a lying or sitting position. Patients may have muscle pain and stiffness, and the calf muscles may be enlarged. Muscular dystrophy sometimes causes learning disabilities. To diagnose muscular dystrophy, doctors may perform genetic testing, enzyme tests, electromyography, and a muscle biopsy. There is currently no cure for this condition, and treatment focuses on enabling the patient to remain mobile for as long as possible. Medications such as eteplirsen may be considered for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and corticosteroids might be recommended to delay the progression of some forms of the condition. Physical therapy helps the patient keep joints as flexible as possible, and braces are often recommended to improve mobility and decrease the rate at which muscle contractures progress. Some patients could require breathing assistance.

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