What Are The Types Of Kidney Disease?

Kidney Stones

Kidney stones are hard deposits made up of minerals and salts. The stones can form inside the kidneys as a result of dehydration, kidney infections, and changes in diet or hormone levels. Patients with kidney stones often experience severe pain in the back and side of the abdomen, and they may also have blood or pus in the urine. Some individuals could develop a fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting, and urinary output may be reduced. Conditions such as diabetes, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and hyperparathyroid conditions are associated with an increased risk of kidney stones, and patients who have had a gastric bypass operation also have an elevated risk.

Kidney stones can be detected with ultrasounds, and doctors may also perform CT scans, blood and urine tests, and an intravenous or retrograde pyelogram. If kidney stones are discovered, they may need to be treated in the hospital. A lithotripsy procedure can be performed to break up large stones, and doctors may choose to surgically remove them using percutaneous nephrolithotomy. This operation is used if a kidney stone is causing an obstruction, and it is also appropriate in cases where kidney stones are causing unmanageable pain.