Acid Reflux Overview

Complications Linked To Acid Reflux

Most of the complications linked to acid reflux are related to its tendency to cause changes in the lining of the esophagus. This happens because the contents of the stomach are highly acidic. When the esophageal sphincter can't contain stomach contents, they travel up the esophagus, damaging tissue along the way. This damage causes cellular changes that can sometimes progress to Barrett's esophagus, which can be a precursor to esophageal cancer.

Sometimes with persistent acid reflux (GERD), a peptic ulcer can develop, in which the lining of the esophagus becomes eroded, causing pain and bleeding. When these ulcers heal, the resulting scar tissue can limit esophageal elasticity. This causes problems swallowing that can worsen over time. Aspiration is sometimes a risk as well, and it can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, especially in vulnerable patients such as infants and the elderly.